2026-27 联邦预算移民解读：永居 18.5 万配额、技术移民改革、毕业生签证涨费
数据来源：Australian Government Budget Paper No. 2 2026-27, Home Affairs 章节（第 7-10 页）。本文由桂冠国际（Laurelint）整理，每节附预算文件英文原文，仅作事实陈述。
一分钟读懂 2026-27 联邦预算移民要点
- 2026-27 永居移民总配额：185,000 个
- 技术类占 132,240 个（超过 70%）
- 境内申请优先：129,590 个名额留给已在澳人士
- 境外名额 55,110 个，主要给高技术人才
- 打分制将改革，更偏向学历高、技能强、年龄轻的申请人
- 485 毕业生签证申请费 2026 年 3 月 1 日起翻倍
- PMC 离境税 2027 年 1 月 1 日起由 $70 涨至 $80
- 政府拨款 8,520 万澳元改革技术评估体系
- WHM 打工度假签证将扩大抽签（ballot）机制
- 技术移民改革整体 5 年减收 21 亿、减支 5 亿澳元
一、永居移民配额：18.5 万，七成给技术类
2026-27 年度永居移民计划（Permanent Migration Program）规划水平为 185,000 个名额，分配如下：
| 类别 | 名额 |
|---|---|
| 技术类（Skill stream） | 132,240（>70%） |
| 境内申请人合计 | 129,590 |
| 特殊资格类（Special Eligibility） | 300 |
| 境外申请人合计 | 55,110 |
事实要点：
- 政府明确表示该措施"将对净海外移民（NOM）产生下行压力"。
- 境外名额将主要（predominately）分配给"满足澳洲长期技能需求的高技术移民"。
英文原文（Budget Paper No. 2, p.7）：
The Government will set the 2026–27 permanent Migration Program planning level at 185,000 places and allocate 132,240 places (over 70 per cent) to the Skill stream. Across both the Skill and Family streams of the permanent Migration Program, the Government will prioritise applications from onshore migrants, allocating 129,590 places to migrants already living in Australia, with an additional 300 places allocated to Special Eligibility. The remaining 55,110 offshore places will predominately be allocated to high-skilled migrants that help address Australia's long-term skill needs. This measure will place downward pressure on net overseas migration.
二、打分制改革：选更年轻、学历更高、技能更强
预算文件原文：政府将改革永居技术移民打分测试（Points Test），以更好地识别能推动生产力和长期繁荣的移民。
事实要点：
- 目前接近三分之二的永居技术移民通过打分签证选拔。
- 新打分制将整体倾向学历更高、技能更强、年龄更轻的申请人。
- 改革具体细则尚未公布。
英文原文（Budget Paper No. 2, p.8）：
The Government will reform the permanent migration points test to better identify migrants who drive productivity and Australia's long-term prosperity. Almost two-thirds of permanent skilled migrants are currently selected through points tested visas. The points test will be optimised to select better educated, higher-skilled and younger migrants overall.
三、技术评估体系：拨款 8,520 万澳元改革
政府将在 2026-27 起的四年内向 就业与工作场所关系部（DEWR） 拨款 8,520 万澳元，用于改革技能评估：
| 拨款 | 金额 | 用途 |
|---|---|---|
| TRA 新评估系统 | $75.1M / 4年 | 新建现代化技能评估系统，与州/领地试点"评估—执照"一体化通道，优先工种包括电工、水管工。中期通过现有收费机制全额回收成本 |
| 境内持签者评估 | $5.6M / 3年 | 为境内签证持有人提供新的技能评估通道，承认既有学历和实操经验。中期通过新的成本回收机制全额回收成本 |
| 监管强化 | $4.5M / 4年 | 加强对评估机构（Assessing Authorities）监管，自 2027 年起每家评估机构须发布年度绩效报告 |
此外，政府将就**设立技术移民专员（Skills Migration Commissioner）**展开咨询。
整体财政影响：上述选才与技能改革措施合计预计 5 年减少财政收入 21 亿澳元、减少财政支出 5 亿澳元（自 2025-26 起算）。
英文原文（Budget Paper No. 2, p.8）：
The Government will provide $85.2 million over four years from 2026–27 to the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations for better recognition of migrant skills through faster, more flexible skills assessments including:
• $75.1 million over four years from 2026–27 for a new, modern skills assessment system for Trades Recognition Australia (TRA) to facilitate the integration of occupational licensing. This includes working with states and territories to pilot streamlined assessment-to-licensing pathways for priority trades such as electricians and plumbers. Costs will be fully recovered over the medium term through existing charging arrangements.
• $5.6 million over three years from 2026–27 for TRA to deliver a new program of skills assessments for onshore visa holders, ensuring their existing qualifications and practical trade experience is recognised for the purposes of gaining employment and meeting workforce shortages.
• $4.5 million over four years from 2026–27 to strengthen the regulatory oversight of Assessing Authorities to drive better performance, greater transparency and clearer accountability, including by requiring every Assessing Authority to publish an annual Assessing Authority Performance Report from 2027.
The Department of Employment and Workplace Relations will also consult on requirements for a skills migration commissioner, with costs to be met from within existing resources.
四、打工度假签证（WHM）：扩大抽签制
预算文件原文：政府将改革 WHM 项目以更好控制人数、降低工作障碍、更公平分配名额。
事实要点：
- 将扩大抽签（ballot）机制的使用范围。
- 改革目的是"支持澳洲国家利益"。
英文原文（Budget Paper No. 2, p.8）：
The Government will reform the Working Holiday Maker (WHM) program to better control numbers, reduce barriers to work, provide a fairer allocation of WHM visas, and support Australia's national interests. This includes expanding the use of ballots in the WHM program to support better management of the program.
五、485 临时毕业生签证：申请费翻倍
事实要点：
- 2026 年 3 月 1 日起，临时毕业生签证（Temporary Graduate Visa, 485）申请费上调 100%。
- 太平洋岛国和东帝汶（Timor-Leste）合格申请人不受影响。
- 该措施预计 5 年增收 12 亿澳元。
- 该项措施已在 2025-26 MYEFO（年中财政展望）中预留。
英文原文（Budget Paper No. 2, p.9）：
The Government increased the visa application charge for temporary graduate visa applicants by 100 per cent, excluding eligible Pacific Island and Timor-Leste applicants, with effect from 1 March 2026.
This measure is estimated to increase receipts by $1.2 billion, and decrease GST payments to the states and territories by $35 million, over the five years from 2025–26.
This measure was provisioned for by the Government in the 2025–26 MYEFO.
六、离境税（PMC）：$70 涨至 $80
事实要点：
- 2027 年 1 月 1 日起，乘客离境税（Passenger Movement Charge）由 $70 上调至 $80，每人每次出境征收。
- 适用于所有从澳洲离境的航空或海运乘客（含再入境意向者），除非有豁免。
- 计费基准日由"售票日"改为"出境日"，对 2027 年 1 月 1 日前已售出机票给予 6 个月过渡期。
- 该项 5 年增收 7.55 亿澳元。
- 政府将额外拨款 **70 万澳元（2026-27）**给内政部用于该项改革的行政管理。
英文原文（Budget Paper No. 2, p.10）：
The Government will increase the Passenger Movement Charge from 1 January 2027 by $10 from $70 to $80 per passenger. The Passenger Movement Charge is applied to passengers departing Australia by air or sea, irrespective of a passenger's intention to return to Australia, unless a relevant exemption applies.
The Government will also align the calculation date of the Passenger Movement Charge to the departure date of the passenger, rather than the date of ticket sale. This change will be supported by a 6-month transition arrangement for carriers from 1 January 2027 where tickets have already been sold.
This measure is estimated to increase receipts by $755.0 million over the five years from 2025–26.
七、关键时间线
| 时间 | 措施 |
|---|---|
| 2026 年 3 月 1 日 | 485 毕业生签证申请费翻倍（已生效） |
| 2026-27 财年 | 永居配额 185,000；打分制改革；WHM 改革；TRA 评估系统改革启动 |
| 2027 年 1 月 1 日 | PMC 离境税涨至 $80 |
| 2027 年起 | 评估机构开始公布年度绩效报告 |
常见问题（FAQ）
Q1：2026-27 永居移民总配额是多少？
A：185,000 个，其中技术类 132,240 个（占 70% 以上）。
Q2：现在申请永居是境内还是境外更有优势？
A：根据预算文件，2026-27 年度政府明确优先境内申请人，境内分配 129,590 个名额，境外 55,110 个。
Q3：485 毕业生签证涨费何时生效？
A：2026 年 3 月 1 日已生效，申请费上调 100%。
Q4：打分制具体怎么改？
A：预算文件仅说明方向——更倾向学历更高、技能更强、年龄更轻的申请人。具体分数调整细则官方尚未公布。
Q5：技工类移民有什么新变化？
A：TRA 将启用新评估系统，并与各州试点"评估—执照"一体化通道，电工、水管工等优先工种将优先受益。
Q6：澳洲离境税什么时候涨？
A：2027 年 1 月 1 日起由每人 $70 涨至 $80。
数据来源
Commonwealth of Australia, Budget 2026-27 Budget Paper No. 2 — Budget Measures, Part 1: Receipt Measures, Home Affairs（第 7-10 页）。
官方下载（Budget Papers 全套）：https://budget.gov.au/content/downloads.htm
本文由桂冠国际（Laurelint）整理，仅作信息参考，不构成移民建议。具体申请请联系桂冠移民顾问。